Case Studies

Conventionally the calibration of photometric equipment was performed with tungsten filament standard lamps with the standard illuminant A spectrum, which was published by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931 and was originally designed for use with incandescent lighting products. However, incandescent co...

Hydrogen refuelling stations (HRS) must meet measurement requirements set out by legislation. Standards such as SAE J2601 and OIML R139 are in place to ensure safety at HRS. The former establishes process limits for light duty vehicles (e.g., cars) to ensure that tanks do not overheat or overfill during fuelling, while the latt...

Ozone, comprised of three linked oxygen atoms, is generated in the stratosphere by the action of solar radiation on oxygen gas, and absorbs 99% of the sun’s biologically harmful UV-B radiation (280 - 315 nm) that is a cause of skin cancers in humans. A rare molecule, it is concentrated in a band around 20-25 km above sea level...

Passenger cars alone account for 25% of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions. To reach climate neutrality in Europe by 2050 requires this amount to be reduced by 90%. Hydrogen is a clean alternative to petrochemicals that produces only water when used to power fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). To ensure the amount charged to FC...

Since 1938, when the first instrument for detecting alcohol in breath was developed, the ‘breathanalyser’ has become increasingly sophisticated. These instruments determine if a person has potentially consumed alcohol by measuring the concentration of ethanol in air exhaled from their lungs. They are now used by law enforcement...

Europe aims to be climate neutral by 2050, achieving this will not only reduce the need for imported energy but also eliminate the use of fossil fuels that drive climate change. Hydrogen is a ‘clean’ energy gas, and its use has been named by the EU as a central pillar for this transition. Regardless of hydrogen’s production me...